Environmental Impacts of Food Production, Strawberries

Environmental Impacts of Food Production, Strawberries Introduction The high rate of environmental degradation and the depletion of our ozone layer are some of the reasons supporters of Green Revolution are demanding that food production processes should be energy efficient (Gardner et al., 2008; Perman et al., 2003). This report investigates and compares the possible environmental impacts of strawberry production in these two countries: Spain and UK. The approaches used in this study centre on goal definition and scoping and inventory analysis, which are important components of full life cycle assessments (LCAs) that is significant in analysing the production impacts on the environment. This investigation takes place during the U.Ks in-season production of strawberry: because out-of-season production would be time-consuming and is beyond the scope of this report. All the information presented below about the product system is strictly in accordance with the standardization ISO 14041, which states that: The systems should be adequately described in detail and clarity to allow another (LCA) practitioner to duplicate the inventory analysis, (Marinova et al., 2006). Strawberry Production in the UK Considering the goal and scope of growing strawberries in the UK, the following facts emerge in the course of this process: Goal and Scope: The goal of undertaking life cycle assessment on strawberry production in UK to ascertain the level of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, the possibility of understanding the benefits of the process and investigating if it is doable to engage in green marketing, eco-labeling and energy conservation. The scope is to define strawberry (product), its functional unit, product system and system boundaries. Product definition: Strawberries are traditionally grown in the UK to supply for local consumption. This is because they are mostly grown on small-scale fruit farming, producing only a small proportion of the entire quantity of strawberries consumed in the UK (Janick Paull, 2008). It is helpful to define the kinds of processes required in producing strawberries in the UK. Product function: The main function of strawberry in the UK is to be used as fruit and food supplement that provide the needed nutrients for the body. Some of the nutrients that strawberry produces include but not limited to water, energy (30,000kcal), protein (0.610g), total fat (0.370), Calcium (14,000mg), Potassium (166,000mg), vitamin C (ascorbic) (56,700mg), Cholesterol (0000 mg) and so on. These nutrients are required by human bodies to function properly. And for the fact that strawberries have zero calorie and little fatty contents, they are helpful to maintain ones weight, no matter the quantity of the fruit that was consumed (Berdanier, 2002). Product functional unit: The product functional unit is 100g of UK strawberries, which approximately provide the needed nutrients and supplements outlined above. Product system: the product system for the growing of strawberries in the UK including the following processes: and they are expected to be in conformity with ISO 14041. Growth: Preparation of the soil: choosing higher, frost-free soil which has the temperature above -2oC, and preparation of planting beds for optimum growth. Setting up Cloche or tunnel-protection to protect the strawberries from being damaged by frost during winter; and choosing sunny but least-winded areas for the planting of the strawberries. Final soil preparation is done a month before planting by mixing organic matter and some bonemeal with the soil. And a fertilizer like Growmore is applied to the soil a week before planting of the strawberry. The strawberries are planted in early September or April. The strawberries are protected from pests and diseases by using pesticides against aphids, red spider mite, slugs and powdery mildew. The strawberries are harvested in mid-April. Processing: The harvested raw strawberries are processed using simple methods: They are cleaned, graded and stored in a safer situation so as to prevent them from drying up. Packaging: The strawberries are packaged inside containers of different sizes and kinds. Though, the packaging materials are not expensive ones: they are those that would not make the strawberries price shoot. Quite inexpensive packaging materials. Transportation: The finished strawberry products are transported from the packaging unit to shops and stores where they would be delivered to the buyers. Also, transportation is needed to transport the waste materials back to the fruit farms. System boundaries: The system boundary for the growing of strawberries in UK consists of the following components: (1) Inputs composed of strawberry plantlets, fertilizer, organic matter, water, soil nutrients, pesticides, bonemeal etc; (2) output composed of strawberries, waste plant materials, and so on; (3) Sub-systems include the growth of the strawberries, its processing using some equipment, the packaging of the strawberries in different containers and the transportation of the finished products to the places of consumption. System Environment: The system environment is made up of those things outside the system boundary: in the case of growing strawberries in UK, they include the soil, the strawberry growers, the environmental conditions like weather and pests. Summary of Growing Strawberries in UK This approach above is chosen because it describes in detail the processes for growing strawberries in UK, taking into consideration all the inputs, subsystems, outputs and the environment. These procedures are graphical enough for any future LCA practitioners to digest and follow in repeating the same processes. Most importantly, the explanations of the processes are easily understandable and the materials used in the growing of UK strawberries are commonplace, not expensive and could be easily applied. There are no applications of very expensive technology that could discourage potential LCA practitioners from trying out these processes. Strawberry Production in Spain Looking at the goal and scope of growing strawberries in the Spain, the following facts are important to be considered: Goal and Scope: The goal of carrying out life cycle assessment on strawberry production in Spain is to discover the level of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, the possibility of understanding the benefits of the process and investigating if it is doable to engage in green marketing, eco-labeling and energy conservation. The scope is to define strawberry (product), its functional unit, product system and system boundaries (Handscombe Handscombe, 2007). Product definition: Strawberries are locally produced in the Spain to supply for local consumers and for the export markets. This is because they are mostly grown on both large- and small-scale fruit farming, producing a large proportion of the quantity of strawberries consumed in Spain and many other countries in the world, including USA and UK. (Janick Paull, 2008). It is helpful to define the kinds of processes required in producing strawberries in Spain. Product function: The main function of strawberry in Spain is to be consumed as fruit and food supplement that will provide the required nutrients for the body. Some of the nutrients that strawberry offers include but not limited to water, energy (30,000kcal), protein (0.610g), total fat (0.370), Calcium (14,000mg), Potassium (166,000mg), vitamin C (ascorbic) (56,700mg), Cholesterol (0000 mg) and so on. These nutrients are required by human bodies to function properly. And for the fact that strawberries have zero calorie and low fatty contents, they are helpful to maintain ones weight, no matter the quantity of the fruit consumed (Berdanier, 2002). They are also used as jams and preserves. Product functional unit: It requires about 150 g of Spanish strawberries to absorb the required quantity of nutrients and supplements that human bodies needed to function properly. Although this minimum quantity may change for different kinds of Spanish strawberries. But the commonly used average amount for Spanish strawberrys functional unit is 100g (Handscombe Handscombe, 2007). Product system: the product system for the growing of strawberries in Spain involves the following processes: and they are executed in accordance with ISO 14041. Growth: Majority of Spanish strawberries are grown in the South Western part of the country, in the Huelva Region. The fruit farms are made up of small-scale gardens owned by individual farmers, and a large-scale farms formed by consortium among many Spanish fruit growers (Medina, 2005). Spanish strawberries are of high grade, and they are planted with fertilizers, organic matter and other growth-enhancing substances. Because of their high quality, Spanish strawberries known as Aguedilla are always in high demand in Europe, including in the United Kingdom. The area where Spanish strawberries are grown has a hot summer and longer sunshine. These weather conditions help strawberries to be grown in large quantity. Processing: The raw Aguedilla are made to pass through the processes of cleaning, grading and storing. The Spanish strawberries are of high quality, and this is why it is marketable all the year round. Packaging: The next process in the production of Spanish strawberries is the packaging: the processed strawberries are packaged in different containers of different sizes. Transportation: since Spanish strawberries are consumed both locally and at overseas. This requires a great deal of transportation. Hence, much energy is used in delivering the finished products to the consumers and buyers. Spanish strawberries are not only marketable in Europe, but also in the United States (Baughen, 2007). This helped the strawberry business in Spain to expand, employing over 30,000 workers for a season (Handscombe Handscombe, 2007). System boundaries: The system boundary for the growing of strawberries in Spain consists of the following components: (1) Inputs composed of strawberry plantlets, fertilizer, organic matter, water, soil nutrients, pesticides, bonemeal etc; (2) output composed of strawberries, waste plant materials, and so on; (3) Sub-systems include the growth of the strawberries, its processing using some equipment, the packaging of the strawberries in different containers and the transportation of the finished products to the places of consumption. System Environment: The system environment is made up of those things outside the system boundary: in the case of growing strawberries in Spain, they include the soil, the strawberry growers, the environmental conditions like weather and pests, and the competitors. Fruit farming in Spain is competitive because many growers are involved in the process. The economy of the South West region of Spain totally depends on these farming activities (Medina, 2005). Summary of the Strawberry Production in Spain The processes of producing strawberry in Spain are similar to any other countries, but what is different is that the magnitude of production in Spain is bigger than any other countries. Hence, more energy is consumed and more wastes are disposed of. The culture of growing strawberries in Spain has become improved of recent, and there are more local growers competing for the markets: some are even forming alliances with one another to mass-produce strawberries. And for the fact that there are markets in Europe and the North America for Spanish strawberries, there is every possibility that the business would continue to grow in Spain, most importantly the area of the country that depends on it for economic miracle. Nowadays, Spanish growers experiment with using special equipment to improve their production activities. Differences between Strawberry Production in UK and Spain Though the methods of producing strawberries in both UK and Spain appear similar, but there are some great differences between them. Some of these differences are highlighted below: Strawberries in the UK are mostly grown under heated greenhouses or polytunnels; but they are only grown in polytunnels in Spain. Strawberries are available all-year round in Spain, while it is seasonal in the UK (summer only). The amount of labour used by strawberry growers in Spain in far greater than those used in the UK. Strawberry growing in Spain uses a lot of water and land (polytunnels), while in UK more heating energy is required to protect the strawberries. More energy is used in the transportation of strawberries in Spain than in the UK. Spain generates more wastes than the UK in the entire strawberry production processes. Growing strawberry in the UK is environmentally friendlier than doing the same in Spain. There is more competition in Spain than in the UK; hence, this could lead to adulteration of strawberries through sharp practices to reduce costs. References Baughen, S. (2007). International trade and the protection of the environment. London: Routledge-Cavendish. Berdanier, C.D. (2002). Handbook of nutrition and food. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. Gardner, G., Prugh, T., Starke, L. Worldwatch Institute (2008). State of the world 2008: innovation for a sustainable economy. London: Earthscan. Handscombe, C. Handscombe, D. (2007). Growing healthy fruit in Spain: From strawberries to oranges and watermelons. Malaga, Spain: Santana Books. Janick, J. Paull, R.E. (2008). The encyclopedia of fruit and nuts. Oxfordshire, United Kingdom: CABI. Marinova, D., Annandale, D. Phillimore, J. (2006). The international handbook on environmental technology. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. Medina, F.X. (2005). Food culture in Spain. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group. Perman, R., Ma, Y., Common, M. McGilvray, J. (2003). Natural resources and environmental economics. 3rd Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.

Dominic: Light of the Church Reflection Paper Essay

Dominic was born in a world of turmoil. There was a war and famine was widespread. The conflict between the Christians and the Moors worsens the suffering conditions of the hungry of food and thirsty of hope. Amidst it all, Dominic learned at a young age about love and sacrifice for others. He had a heart for the poor which led him to do selfless acts. He was so selfless that he would give everything to those who asked for his help. He gave away his money and sold his clothes, furniture and even precious manuscripts to feed the hungry. He struggled to find a cure for the despair of the people in his homeland. Dominic was influenced by his mother who was a very pious woman. She was the one who introduced Jesus and Mary to Dominic. Another was Bishop Diego de Acevedo. He was the bishop of Osma and convinced Dominic to come with him to their parish. Dominic happily obliged and the two became very close with each other. A few years later, Dominic accompanied Bishop Diego on a diplomatic mission for Alfonso VIII, King of Castile, namely to secure a bride in Denmark for crown prince Ferdinand. There, Dominic and Diego encountered the Cathars, a Christian religious sect with Gnostic and dualistic beliefs, which the Roman Catholic Church deemed heretical. The Cathari skewed Christian doctrines and they profess it to people of dying hopes. The people, having lost their way, believed in what the Cathari said, distancing themselves from the Church. Thus, Dominic’s mission began. He established â€Å"The Oder of Preachers† or more popularly known as the Dominican Order. There were four pillars of the Dominican life and they are (1) prayer, (2) study, (3) community, and (4) preaching. In the movie, prayer was a very important part of the Order. When they were going to eat supper, Dominic was shocked to learn that his brothers had not yet prayed. One of them replied, â€Å"But, Father, there is nothing to eat.† He answered them, â€Å"Then that is not a reason for us not to pray.† Dominic implied to his brothers that in comfort or in suffering, we must pray. His brothers (followers) were also well educated to prepare them for their preaching outside of the Order. The Order was a community. They prayed together, shared thoughts with each other and respected one another. At times, disputes would arise but they would quickly make amends. Preaching, in the movie, was seen very clearly. There were many scenes that included preaching of St. Dominic. One is when he was teaching children about the Holy Trinity. Dominican preaching always had its edge from preaching of others. Dominicans, like their founder, St. Dominic de Guzman, preached with love and true service to others. They don’t pamper themselves with material things and led very simple lives. They go from one house to another to preach the Good News. As a young person, I could bring and share the Gospel of Jesus to others by being a good role model. I can show to everyone that living a life that follows God’s will is definitely much better than living life the way you want to. I could also bring and share the Gospel of Jesus through counselling my peers whenever they are in trouble. The movie really moved me and my classmates to tears. It was very effective in introducing St. Dominic to the young people today. â€Å"He deserved it.†, said Fr. Christopher Aytona, OP during The Light behind the Scenes. I, too, think that way. Dominic emerged from being a simple man to establishing his own organization. It was amazing how he founded the Order of Preachers. I think he established the Order because he wanted to share to others what the Lord has given him. Of course, he can’t do it himself so he asked for help. He wanted God’s love to reach others through him. Dominic was a very simple, kind, and gentle person. I learned from the movie that you must not take for granted what you have right now. You must also not aspire for more than what you have. I remember watching a cartoon about Abraham and Isaac. In the last scene when Abraham was told by God not to kill his son, he was very happy. Isaac then asked his father what they would offer since Isaac was not really going to be sacrificed. Then, they saw a lamb nearby and Abraham with tears in his eyes said, â€Å"God always provides.† I remembered that while I was watching the life of St. Dominic. He and Fr. Diego called it, â€Å"Divine Providence†. God always provides. Our life is more than enough to be thankful for. I also learned that helping others require sacrifice. You must be prepared of the consequences that may come but you will never go astray if you put your belief and trust in God. And finally, I learned to love myself. God loves me and He wants me to cherish myself. In Cor. 6:19-20, â€Å"Do you not know that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit within you, which you have received from God, and that you are not on your own? For you were bought at a price; therefore glorify God in your body.†

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Narritive Essay Topics

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Narritive Essay Topics The Secret to Narritive Essay Topics A narrative essay is permissive in terms of picking the topic. Writing a great narrative essay is dependent mostly on the subject you chose. Deciding upon the subject of your essay provides you with an advantage in the feeling that you're able to write about something you're passionate ambitious. Picking the topic for your essay could possibly be the hardest part. The very first point to do is to make an outline of the topic you opt for. It isn't always simple to select a great topic and story for this kind of essay. Deciding upon the proper topic may be a true problem, but we are here in order to get you inspired. Narrative essays are told from a defined point of view, frequently the author's, so there's feeling in addition to specific and frequently sensory details supplied to find the reader involved with the elements and sequence of the story. 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In the majority of cases, the task requires to recognize a topic of your selection. Remember a topic can help determine the result of a narrative. Since the content of narratives essay can vary when it has to do with various institutions, we've resolved to supply you with examples in the event you face an issue. 5 paragraph narrative essay is a typical size that will enable you to cover the important points of the subject and reveal the plot to the readers. Don't utilize complex terms your readers desire a dictionary or thesaurus to comprehend. If necessary , you can change the quantity of body paragraphs based on the topic. It's personal enough, it enables you to play with words, and it's both interesting and edifying for the general public. Narritive Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About Think about a time once you taught somebody to do something outside school. Keep a steady stream of details coming from 1 paragraph to the next, which makes it straightforward for the reader to stay informed about the events in the order they happened. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. A time once you received help from a comprehensive stranger 33. The New Angle On Narritive Essay Topics Just Released At times it can be challenging to write really intriguing and exciting essay of the great quality. Before writing a narrative essay for college or higher school, you want to understand how pr ecisely you can tell whether a narrative actually is a story. Be conscious of the size it must be and begin writing the narrative essay outline. In the essay, reflect on just what the story shows about the person that you are thinking about. The Importance of Narritive Essay Topics When you compose a narrative essay, you're telling a story. You are aware of how it is when you're reading an excellent story and it goes sour on you within an incredibly limited time. Telling a story isn't always straightforward and telling a fantastic story is even harder. It's better to write and share your individual stories with different men and women. A superb narrative essay should capture the interest of your readers. Don't forget that the objective of your story is to really tell it, not to convince your reader that you're right. A selection of good personal narrative topics is important, as it ought to be interesting for readers. Normal essay morality topics are always a prosperous choice because it's simple to evoke a whole lot of interest and curiosity in the reader after you use any of them. There's more than 1 way to compose a narrative essay. If that's the case, then you ought to attempt writing narrative essays. Therefore, you've got to find good narrative essay topics by yourself. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. It is impossible to compose a perfect essay from beginning to finish in 1 go. Describe what happed and the way that it made you feel, or the way it changed you. The Ugly Side of Narritive Essay Topics It is essential that you set the tone of your essay from the start. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points you may counter to your own points. If you haven't written any narration essays before, you ought to read works of different students to fully grasp how to develop a structure, the way to use your private narrative ideas, and wha t topics it is possible to utilize. Narrative essays serve broad array of purposes. The Fundamentals of Narritive Essay Topics Revealed The tricky thing about the narrative essay is there are always some limits to the sum of content you'll be able to supply your readers with. Although you may make a typical story sound spectacular using the ideal words and the suitable technique, more than often the topic receives the credit for a valuable object of work. Try to remember you've seen and felt something in real and the sole approach to let others do the exact same is to use the ideal words. The author takes the recent media and political climate in the usa and investigates the issues in a manner that will force you to shake your head. Introducing Narritive Essay Topics Such approach always pays off because it offers you a special insight into the practice of essay writing that is directed at achieving excellent outcomes. Consider what steps you took to obtain a solution. Just make sure you're following your instructor's guidelines and understand how to construct a narrative essay from starting to end. To steer you on your journey here are a couple of tips.

3d Printing And Its Effects On The World Of Manufacturing

What if there was a machine that could make anything, in any combination of materials with infinite complexity, enabling users to manufacture goods instantly at home? There would no longer be a need to go to a store or order a product online, saving people time and money. Fortunately, this technology was invented 33 years ago and is known as 3D printing (Reichental). It is a reality today to create, 3D scan, or download 3D blueprints for any physical object and manufacture them affordably in the home. With such technology, it is possible for anyone to produce high quality products without having to buy them. This revolutionary technology is proving to be a game changer in the world of manufacturing, but it is causing many to question the ethics of hyper-localized manufacturing and the ability for anyone to make anything. 3D printers are generating controversy surrounding the ownership of designs, copyright laws, patent infringement, democratized counterfeiting, and illegal possession . 3D printing is ushering in a new industrial age, but is challenging the current US patent system and compromising intellectual property rights, requiring reform to support next generation design and manufacturing systems. 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing is the process of making three dimensional objects by depositing a material layer by layer. 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